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16 янв 2026, 09:17Просмотров: 268 Военный сектор

Что такое «Кинжал»: характеристики российской гиперзвуковой ракеты

Что такое «Кинжал»: характеристики российской гиперзвуковой ракеты

Гиперзвуковая ракета «Кинжал» — одно из самых обсуждаемых российских вооружений последних лет. Её высокая скорость, способность маневрировать и большая дальность полёта делают комплекс сложной целью для систем ПВО и ПРО. Рассказываем, что известно о ракете «Кинжал», её характеристиках, разработке и боевом применении.

«Кинжал» (индекс ГРАУ — 9-А-7760, по классификации НАТО — AS-24 Killjoy) — российский гиперзвуковой авиационный ракетный комплекс. Он предназначен для поражения стационарных наземных и надводных целей, включая крупные корабли.

По своей концепции «Кинжал» считается авиационным вариантом оперативно-тактического ракетного комплекса «Искандер». Ракета запускается с самолёта-носителя и после разгона развивает гиперзвуковую скорость, что существенно сокращает время подлёта к цели.

 

Тактико-технические характеристики ракеты «Кинжал»

По открытым данным, комплекс обладает следующими параметрами:

  • Тип ракеты: гиперзвуковая аэробаллистическая, воздушного базирования

  • Дальность поражения: более 2 000 км

  • Максимальная скорость: до 10 Махов (около 12 000–12 500 км/ч)

  • Стартовая масса: около 4 600 кг

  • Масса боевой части: примерно 500 кг

  • Наведение: инерциальная система с коррекцией по ГЛОНАСС

  • Боеголовка: обычная или ядерная

Заявляется, что ракета способна активно маневрировать на всех участках траектории и имеет пониженную радиолокационную заметность.

 


Носители ракеты

Основным носителем «Кинжала» является истребитель-перехватчик МиГ-31К. Также сообщалось о возможности применения ракеты с:

  • дальнего бомбардировщика Ту-22М3;

  • фронтового бомбардировщика Су-34;

  • истребителя Су-57 — в перспективе.

Использование авиационного носителя позволяет значительно увеличить дальность поражения за счёт запуска с большой высоты и скорости.


История разработки

О существовании ракеты «Кинжал» впервые публично сообщил президент России Владимир Путин в марте 2018 года. При этом опытно-боевое дежурство комплексы начали нести ещё в декабре 2017 года.

Считается, что при разработке были использованы технологические решения ОТРК «Искандер-М», адаптированные для авиационного пуска. В частности, была изменена конструкция ракеты и система управления под условия запуска с самолёта.


Применение ракеты «Кинжал»

По заявлениям Минобороны России, ракеты «Кинжал» применялись в ходе боевых действий с 2022 года для ударов по военным объектам на территории Украины. Сообщалось об ударах по складам, объектам оборонной промышленности и инфраструктуре.

В то же время вокруг эффективности перехвата «Кинжалов» возникали споры. США и Украина заявляли о случаях уничтожения ракеты с помощью ЗРК Patriot, российская сторона эту информацию опровергала.


Аналоги «Кинжала» в мире

Гиперзвуковое оружие разрабатывается и в других странах:

  • Китай: противокорабельная гиперзвуковая ракета YJ-21, заявленная дальность — более 2 000 км;

  • США: авиационная гиперзвуковая ракета AGM-183A ARRW, находящаяся на стадии испытаний.

Несмотря на схожие параметры, каждая из этих систем имеет собственные технические особенности и концепцию применения.





Автор (ы): Максим КРАМЕР
Tags: ракета Кинжал гиперзвуковая ракета Кинжал характеристики скорость Кинжала дальность полета Кинжал гиперзвуковое оружие ракеты России Искандер авиационный Кинжал применение

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